Obstetricians carry out cesarean sections, whereas gynecologists function to remove tumours from the uterus and ovaries. Neurosurgeons operate to take away mind tumours, deal with accidents to the brain resulting from skull fractures, and treat ruptured intravertebral disks that have an result on the spinal twine. Thoracic surgeons deal with issues of the lungs; the subspecialty of cardiovascular surgery is worried with the guts and its major blood vessels and has turn out to be a serious field of surgical endeavour. Colon and rectal surgical procedure deals with disorders of the big gut. Otolaryngologic surgery is carried out in the space of the ear, nose, and throat (e.g., tonsillectomy), whereas ophthalmologic surgical procedure deals with issues of the eyes.